Before Prehistory From the Big Bang to Homo Sapiens Pedro Oliveira
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The American physicist and author Leonard Mlodinow once wrote that “to gain perspective on where we are today, and to have a hope of understanding where we are going, one must know where we came from”. Mr. Mlodinow was referring to the path leading from the common ancestor of ape and men to Homo sapiens, but in this book, the range is extended to encompass the beginning of space and time, so that the reader can get a complete picture of where we stand in the universe, from the point of view of science. Pre-history is the name of the period which extends from the time that anatomically and behaviorally modern humans first appeared to the invention of writing. Since the story it tells begins with the birth of the universe and ends with the appearance of modern man, this book is named “Before Pre-History”. It is divided in six chapters, named “The Universe”, “Stars and Galaxies”, “The Solar System”, “Planet Earth”, “Life”, and “Homo Sapiens”. Some of the contents of each chapter are
Chapter 1 The birth of time, space, energy and matter in the event known as the Big Bang; the successive appearance of the first elementary particles, atomic nuclei, atoms, molecules, stars and galaxies; gravity, black matter and black energy; the final destiny of the universe; the story of the development of the Big Bang theory; the cosmologies of ancient philosophers and scientists; the role that models play in science; scientific theories and the scientific method; Karl Popper’s philosophy of science; reality and the impossibility of knowing what things are in themselves.
Chapter 2 The origin and evolution of stars and galaxies; the Shapley-Curtiss debate about the existence of other galaxies besides the Milky Way; the birth of a star; types of stars in the Hertzprung-Russel diagram; the death of a star; red giants, supernovas, black holes, neutron stars and white dwarfs; planetary nebulas; star and supernova nucleosynthesis.
Chapter 3 The birth of the Sun and of the other objects of the solar system; the Sun’s structure and surface characteristics; solar flares, coronal mass ejections and sunspots; the structure and characteristics of the eight planets and their moons; the asteroid and Kuiper belts; the Oort Cloud; the death of the Sun and the end of the solar system.
Chapter 4 The birth of the Earth; the collision of the Earth with the planet Theia and the formation of the Moon; the formation of rocks, continents, oceans, mountain ranges, glaciers and other features of the Earth’s surface; the periods in which geologists subdivide geologic time and the main events that occurred in each one of them; the Continental Drift theory; supercontinents, tectonic plates, mid-ocean mountain ridges and ocean floor subduction; the phenomenon of ice ages; the scientific method in action.
Chapter five The voyage of the Beagle; Charles Darwin’s and Alfred Wallace’s Theory of Evolution; Lamarck and other forerunners of Darwin and Wallace; Gregor Mendel’s experiences with pea plants and the birth of genetics; molecular biology and epigenetics contributions to evolution theory; the origin of life; the role played by chance and necessity in evolution; the last universal common ancestor of all species; the classification systems used by scientists to organize the study of living beings; phylogenetic trees; the evolutionary relationships among the various biological species of the biosphere.
Chapter 6 The final evolutionary steps that led the common ancestor of hominins and chimps to evolve into Homo sapiens; the Taung Child’s story; Lucy’s story; the Laetoli Footprints’ story; the story of Handy Man; the selective pressures that favored upright posture, bipedalism, increased the capacity of the braincase and improved the prehensile capability of the hands of primitive hominins; the human evolution timeline; the evolutionary connections that exist between hominins.
Before Prehistory From the Big Bang to Homo Sapiens Pedro Oliveira
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Before Prehistory From the Big Bang to Homo Sapiens Pedro Oliveira Reviews
This book is a successful attempt at describing the origins of our universe and our own. In a concise, didactic language, it contains valuable information on scientific theories and discoveries, historical trends, all aiming at unveiling the mysteries of our own existence. A fascinating account by a fascinated author.
Excellent text, clear understanding of our remote past.
Very well researched and written
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